Статья журнала

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УДК: 615.24
ББК: 54.13.-5

Тарасова Л.В., Трухан Д.И.

Выбор эффективного и безопасного прокинетика: в фокусе внимания итоприда гидрохлорид

Ключевые слова: прокинетики, функциональная диспепсия, гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь, итоприда гидрохлорид

Нарушения моторики различных отделов пищеварительного тракта занимают ведущее место в патогенезе многих заболеваний органов пищеварения. С позиций эффективности и лекарственной безопасности рассмотрен прокинетик итоприда гидрохлорид. На сегодняшний день итоприда гидрохлорид продемонстрировал высокую эффективность при лечении функциональной диспепсии и гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни. Ряд исследований свидетельствует об эффективности препарата и при лечении других заболеваний пищеварительной системы. Итоприда гидрохлорид выгодно отличается от других прокинетиков по трем основным параметрам: наличию двойного механизма действия, отсутствию лекарственных взаимодействий и серьезных побочных эффектов.

Tarasova L., Trukhan D.

Choice of an efficient and safe prokinetic: focus on itoprid hydrochloride

Keywords: prokinetics, functional dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, itoprid hydrochloride

Dysmotility of various parts of a digestive tract is of major importance in pathogenesis of many digestive apparatus diseases. To consider the prokinetic itoprid hydrochloride from the point of view of efficiency and medicamental safety. Currently itoprid hydrochloride has demonstrated high potency in curing functional dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Numerous studies prove the efficiency of the medication in curing other digestive apparatus diseases. Itoprid hydrochloride stands out from other prokinetics due to three major characteristics: it has a double mechanism of action, it has no drug interaction and no serious side effects.

Литература

  1. Holtmann G. Understanding functional dyspepsia and its treatment with itopride. Medical Tribune. 2006; 11: 1–15.
  2. Tarasova L.V., Trukhan D.I. Drug safety in gastroenterology. Klin. Gastroenterol. 2013; (4): 81–7. Review. Russian. PMID: 24294789
  3. Gupta S., Kapoor V., Kapoor B. Itopride: A Novel Prokinetic Agent. JK Science. 2004: 6(2): 106–8.
  4. Tack J. New therapeutic targets for FD: what, how and whom? In: Functional dyspepsia: current evidence and cutting edge outcomes. Abstract book. Montreal, 2005, pp. 22–24.
  5. Functional Gastroduodenal Disorders. Gastroenterology. 2006; 130: 1466–79.
  6. Hiyama T., Yoshihara M., Tanaka S., Haruma K., Chayama K. Effectiveness of prokinetic agents against diseases external to the gastrointestinal tract. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2009; 24(4): 537–46.
  7. Miwa H., Ghoshal U.C., Gonlachanvit S. et al. Asian consensus report on functional dyspepsia. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 2012; 18: 150–68.
  8. Myoshi A., Masumune O., Sekiguchi T. et al. Clinical evaluation of itopride hydrochloride for gastrointestinal symptoms associated with chronic gastritis: multicenter double blined clinical trial using cisapride as control drug. Pharmacol. Ther. 1994; 4: 261–79.
  9. Inoue K., Sanada Y., Fijimura J., Mihara O. Clinical Effect of Itopride Hydrochloride on the Digestive Symptoms of Chronic Gastritis with Reflux Esophagitis. Medicine. 1999; 15(11): 105–11.
  10. Ravindra M., Kakrani A.L. Clinical evaluation of itopride hydrochloride in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia and chronic gastritis. The Indian Practitioner. 2002; 55: 1–6.
  11. Kumar R.A., Venketakrishnan L., Kuruvilla A. Clinical evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of itopride hydrochloride in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia or chronic gastritis. Indian J. Clin. Pract. 2003; 13: 2–5.
  12. Mam C., Mittal M. Clinical evaluation of itopride hydrochloride in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Today. 2003; 7: 1–4.
  13. Shenoy K.T., Veenasree, Leena K.B. Efficacy and tolerability of itopride hydrochloride in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Indian Med. Assoc. 2003; 101: 387–8.
  14. Kamath S., Vinod K., Verghese J., Bhatia S. Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy and Tolerability of Itopride and Metoclopramide in Patients with Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia. JAMA-India. 2003; 2(8): 95–8.
  15. Das K. Role of Itopride in Functional Dyspepsia. Indian Practitioner. 2004; 57: 731–4.
  16. Sawant P., Das H.S., Desai H., Kalokhe S., Patil S. Comparative evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of itopride hydrochloride and domperidone in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Assoc. Physicians India. 2004; 52: 626–8.
  17. Ganaton Post Marketing Survellance Study Group. Post Marketing Survellance Study of Ganaton (Itopride Hydrochloride) in the Management of Functional Dyspepsia. Gastroenterology Today. 2004; 8: 1–8.
  18. Ganaton Postmarketing Surveillance Study Group – Postmarketing surveillance study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ganaton (itopride hydrochloride) in the management of functional dyspepsia. JAMA-lndia. 2004; 3: 69–74.
  19. Walwaikar P.P., Kulkarni S.S., Bargaje R.S. Evaluation of new gastro_intestinal prokinetic (ENGIP_II) study. Indian Med. Assoc. 2005; 103(12): 708–9.
  20. Lukas K. et al. Klinke ucinek itopridu (Ganaton) u pacentu s horn funkcnl dyspepsil. Ces a slov Gastroent a Hepatol. 2002; 56(4): 146–52
  21. Holtmann G., Talley N.J., Liebregts T., Adam B., Parow C. A placebo-controlled trial of itopride in functional dyspepsia. Engl. J. Med. 2006 Feb 23; 354(8): 832–40.
  22. Trukhan D.I., Tarasova L.V., Grishechkina I.A. Prokinetics: focus on itopride hydrochloride. Med. Vesti. 2013; 3: 29–40. Review (Russian).
  23. Trukhan D.I., Tarasova L.V. Pathogenetic therapy of functional dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux disease: selection of a prokinetic. Practical medicine. 2014; 1(77): 147–52. Review (Russian).
  24. Qi Z. Recent Data of Itopride in the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia in Chinese Patients. Ganaton Regional Advisory Board Meeting Thailand. 2010; 3: 1–8.
  25. Sun J., Yuan Y.Z., Holtmann G. Itopride in the treatment of functional dyspepsia in Chinese patients: a prospective, multicentre, post-marketing observational study. Drug. Investig. 2011 Dec 1; 31(12): 865–75.
  26. Huang X., Lv B., Zhang S., Fan Y.H., Meng L.N. Itopride therapy for functional dyspepsia: a meta-analysis. World J. Gastroenterol. 2012 Dec 28; 18(48): 7371–77.
  27. Drossman D.A. The Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and the Rome III Process. 2006; 130(5): 1377–90.
  28. Drossman D.A., ed. Rome III: The Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. 3rd Degnon Associates, Inc., 2006. 1048 p.
  29. Tack J., Talley N.J., Camilleri M. et al. Functional gastroduodenal disorders. 2006; 130: 1466–79.
  30. Alam U., Asghar O., Malik R.A. Diabetic gastroparesis: Therapeutic options. Diabetes Ther. 2010 Aug; 1(1): 32–43.
  31. Stevens J.E., Jones K.L., Rayner C.K., Horowitz M. Pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of gastroparesis: current and future perspectives. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Jun; 14(9): 1171–86.
  32. Camilleri M., Parkman H.P., Shafi M.A., Abell T.L., Gerson L. American College of Gastroenterology. Clinical guideline: management of gastroparesis. J. Gastroenterol. 2013 Jan; 108(1): 18–37.
  33. Masayuki N. et al. Effect of itopride hydrochloride on diabetic gastroparesis. Kiso to Rinsho. 1997; 31: 2785–91.
  34. Savant P., Das H.S., Desai N., et al. Comparativ evaluation of the effiacacy and tolerability of itoprid hydrochloride and domperidone in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. JAPI 2004; 52: 626–28.
  35. Lelyveld N., Linde J., Schipper M. Effect of itopride on gastric emptying in long_standing diabetes mellitus. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 2008; 5 (20): 456–63.
  36. Tarasova L.V., Trukhan D.I. Diabetic gastroparesis: focus on the choice of a prokinetic. Practical medicine. 2014; 1(77): 41–5. Review (Russian).
  37. Venkatesh V., Kulkarni K.P. Itopride and pantoprazole outcomes in diabetic gastroparesis trial (IPOD trial). Indian Med. Assoc. 2008 Dec; 106(12): 814–5.
  38. Sugumar A., Singh A., Pasricha P.J. A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Domperidone for the Treatment of Diabetic Gastroparesis. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2008; 2: 123–35.
  39. Frasko R., Maruna P., Gurlich R. The onset of physiological activity in the stomach in the postoperative period. A comparative study with a prokinetic preparation. Rozhl. Chir. 2004; 83(10): 527–30.
  40. Tytgat G.N., Mccoll K., Tack J. et al. New algorithm for the treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol. Ther. 2008; 27: 249–56.
  41. Scarpellini E., Vos R., Blondeau K., et al. The effects of itopride on oesophageal motility and lower oesophageal sphincterfunction in man. Pharmacol. Ther. 2011; 33(1): 99–105.
  42. Walwaikar P.P., Kulkarni S.S., Bargaje R.S. Evaluation of new gastro_intestinal prokinetic (ENGIP-I) study. Indian Med. Assoc. 2005; 103(10): 559–60.
  43. Kim Y.S., Kim T. H., Choi C. S. et al. Effect of itopride, a new prokinetic, in patients with mild GERD: a pilot study. World J.Gastroenterol. 2005; 11(27): 4210–14
  44. Chun B.J., Lee D.S. The effect of itopride combined with lansoprazole in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Mar; 270(4): 1385–90.
  45. Babu S. Drug Therapy of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Focus on Itopride Hydrochloride. Indian Practitioner. 2003; 56(12): 827–30.
  46. Tsubouchi T., Saito T., Mizutani F., et al. Stimulatory action of itopride hydrochloride on colonic motor activity in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2003; 306(2): 787–93.
  47. Trukhan D.I., Tarasova L.V. Clinical, diagnosis and treatment of chronic duodenitis. Klin. Gastroenterol. 2012; (11): 104–14. Review (Russian).
  48. Lim H.C., Kim Y.G., Lim J.H., Kim H.S., Park H. Effect of itopride hydrochloride on the ileal and colonic motility in guinea pig in vitro. Yonsei Med. J. 2008 Jun 30; 49(3): 472–8.
  49. Kim H.J., Kim T.O., Shin B.C. et al. Efficacy of prokinetics with a split-dose of polyethylene glycol in bowel preparation for morning colonoscopy: a randomized controlled trial. 2012; 86(3): 194–200.
  50. Mishima Y., Amano Y., Okita K. et al. Efficacy of prokinetic agents in improving bowel preparation for colonoscopy. 2008; 77(3-4): 166–72.
  51. Amarapurkar D.N., Rank P. Randomized, double-blind, comparative study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ganaton (itopride hydrochloride) and mosapride citrate in the management of functional dyspepsia. Indian Med. Assoc. 2004; 102(10): 735–37, 760.
  52. Lim H.C., Lee S.I., Chen J.D., Park H. Electrogastrography associated with symptomatic changes after prokinetic drug treatment for functional dyspepsia. World J. Gastroenterol. 2012 Nov 7; 18(41): 5948–56.
  53. Tack J. Prokinetics and fundic relaxants in upper functional GI disorders. Opin. Pharmacol. 2008; 8(6): 690–6.
  54. Gupta S., Kapoor V., Kapoor B. et al. Effect of Itopride hydrohloride on QT interval in adult healthy volunteers. JK Practitioner. 2005; 12(4): 207–10.
  55. Mushiroda T., Douya R., Takahara E. et al. The involment of flavin containg monooxyge_nase bun not CYP3A4 in metabolism of itopride hydrochloride, a gastroprokinetic agent: comparaison with cisapride and mosapri_de citrate. Metabol. Dispos. 2000; 28: 1231–37.
  56. Sahoo B.K., Das A., Agarwal S. et al. Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence study of a fixed dose combination of rabeprazole and itopride in healthy Indian volunteers. 2009; 59(9): 451–4.
  57. Choi H.Y., Noh Y.H., Jin S.J. et al. Bioavailability and tolerability of combination treatment with revaprazan 200 mg + itopride 150 mg: a randomized crossover study in healthy male Korean volunteers. Ther. 2012 Sep; 34(9): 1999–2010.
  58. Review of domheridone started. Available at: URL: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/referrals/Domperidone-containing_medicines/human_referral_prac_000021.jsp&mid= WC0b01ac05805c516f.
  59. PRAC recommends restricting use of domperidone. 07 March 2014 EMA/129231/ 2014. Available at: URL: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/news_and_events/news/2014/03/news_detail_002039.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058004d5c1.

References

  1. Holtmann G. Understanding functional dyspepsia and its treatment with itopride. Medical Tribune. 2006; 11: 1–15.
  2. Tarasova L.V., Trukhan D.I. Drug safety in gastroenterology. Klin. Gastroenterol. 2013; (4): 81–7. Review. Russian. PMID: 24294789
  3. Gupta S., Kapoor V., Kapoor B. Itopride: A Novel Prokinetic Agent. JK Science. 2004: 6(2): 106–8.
  4. Tack J. New therapeutic targets for FD: what, how and whom? In: Functional dyspepsia: current evidence and cutting edge outcomes. Abstract book. Montreal, 2005, pp. 22–24.
  5. Functional Gastroduodenal Disorders. Gastroenterology. 2006; 130: 1466–79.
  6. Hiyama T., Yoshihara M., Tanaka S., Haruma K., Chayama K. Effectiveness of prokinetic agents against diseases external to the gastrointestinal tract. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2009; 24(4): 537–46.
  7. Miwa H., Ghoshal U.C., Gonlachanvit S. et al. Asian consensus report on functional dyspepsia. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 2012; 18: 150–68.
  8. Myoshi A., Masumune O., Sekiguchi T. et al. Clinical evaluation of itopride hydrochloride for gastrointestinal symptoms associated with chronic gastritis: multicenter double blined clinical trial using cisapride as control drug. Pharmacol. Ther. 1994; 4: 261–79.
  9. Inoue K., Sanada Y., Fijimura J., Mihara O. Clinical Effect of Itopride Hydrochloride on the Digestive Symptoms of Chronic Gastritis with Reflux Esophagitis. Medicine. 1999; 15(11): 105–11.
  10. Ravindra M., Kakrani A.L. Clinical evaluation of itopride hydrochloride in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia and chronic gastritis. The Indian Practitioner. 2002; 55: 1–6.
  11. Kumar R.A., Venketakrishnan L., Kuruvilla A. Clinical evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of itopride hydrochloride in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia or chronic gastritis. Indian J. Clin. Pract. 2003; 13: 2–5.
  12. Mam C., Mittal M. Clinical evaluation of itopride hydrochloride in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Today. 2003; 7: 1–4.
  13. Shenoy K.T., Veenasree, Leena K.B. Efficacy and tolerability of itopride hydrochloride in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Indian Med. Assoc. 2003; 101: 387–8.
  14. Kamath S., Vinod K., Verghese J., Bhatia S. Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy and Tolerability of Itopride and Metoclopramide in Patients with Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia. JAMA-India. 2003; 2(8): 95–8.
  15. Das K. Role of Itopride in Functional Dyspepsia. Indian Practitioner. 2004; 57: 731–4.
  16. Sawant P., Das H.S., Desai H., Kalokhe S., Patil S. Comparative evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of itopride hydrochloride and domperidone in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Assoc. Physicians India. 2004; 52: 626–8.
  17. Ganaton Post Marketing Survellance Study Group. Post Marketing Survellance Study of Ganaton (Itopride Hydrochloride) in the Management of Functional Dyspepsia. Gastroenterology Today. 2004; 8: 1–8.
  18. Ganaton Postmarketing Surveillance Study Group – Postmarketing surveillance study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ganaton (itopride hydrochloride) in the management of functional dyspepsia. JAMA-lndia. 2004; 3: 69–74.
  19. Walwaikar P.P., Kulkarni S.S., Bargaje R.S. Evaluation of new gastro_intestinal prokinetic (ENGIP_II) study. Indian Med. Assoc. 2005; 103(12): 708–9.
  20. Lukas K. et al. Klinke ucinek itopridu (Ganaton) u pacentu s horn funkcnl dyspepsil. Ces a slov Gastroent a Hepatol. 2002; 56(4): 146–52
  21. Holtmann G., Talley N.J., Liebregts T., Adam B., Parow C. A placebo-controlled trial of itopride in functional dyspepsia. Engl. J. Med. 2006 Feb 23; 354(8): 832–40.
  22. Trukhan D.I., Tarasova L.V., Grishechkina I.A. Prokinetics: focus on itopride hydrochloride. Med. Vesti. 2013; 3: 29–40. Review (Russian).
  23. Trukhan D.I., Tarasova L.V. Pathogenetic therapy of functional dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux disease: selection of a prokinetic. Practical medicine. 2014; 1(77): 147–52. Review (Russian).
  24. Qi Z. Recent Data of Itopride in the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia in Chinese Patients. Ganaton Regional Advisory Board Meeting Thailand. 2010; 3: 1–8.
  25. Sun J., Yuan Y.Z., Holtmann G. Itopride in the treatment of functional dyspepsia in Chinese patients: a prospective, multicentre, post-marketing observational study. Drug. Investig. 2011 Dec 1; 31(12): 865–75.
  26. Huang X., Lv B., Zhang S., Fan Y.H., Meng L.N. Itopride therapy for functional dyspepsia: a meta-analysis. World J. Gastroenterol. 2012 Dec 28; 18(48): 7371–77.
  27. Drossman D.A. The Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and the Rome III Process. 2006; 130(5): 1377–90.
  28. Drossman D.A., ed. Rome III: The Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. 3rd Degnon Associates, Inc., 2006. 1048 p.
  29. Tack J., Talley N.J., Camilleri M. et al. Functional gastroduodenal disorders. 2006; 130: 1466–79.
  30. Alam U., Asghar O., Malik R.A. Diabetic gastroparesis: Therapeutic options. Diabetes Ther. 2010 Aug; 1(1): 32–43.
  31. Stevens J.E., Jones K.L., Rayner C.K., Horowitz M. Pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of gastroparesis: current and future perspectives. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Jun; 14(9): 1171–86.
  32. Camilleri M., Parkman H.P., Shafi M.A., Abell T.L., Gerson L. American College of Gastroenterology. Clinical guideline: management of gastroparesis. J. Gastroenterol. 2013 Jan; 108(1): 18–37.
  33. Masayuki N. et al. Effect of itopride hydrochloride on diabetic gastroparesis. Kiso to Rinsho. 1997; 31: 2785–91.
  34. Savant P., Das H.S., Desai N., et al. Comparativ evaluation of the effiacacy and tolerability of itoprid hydrochloride and domperidone in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. JAPI 2004; 52: 626–28.
  35. Lelyveld N., Linde J., Schipper M. Effect of itopride on gastric emptying in long_standing diabetes mellitus. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 2008; 5 (20): 456–63.
  36. Tarasova L.V., Trukhan D.I. Diabetic gastroparesis: focus on the choice of a prokinetic. Practical medicine. 2014; 1(77): 41–5. Review (Russian).
  37. Venkatesh V., Kulkarni K.P. Itopride and pantoprazole outcomes in diabetic gastroparesis trial (IPOD trial). Indian Med. Assoc. 2008 Dec; 106(12): 814–5.
  38. Sugumar A., Singh A., Pasricha P.J. A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Domperidone for the Treatment of Diabetic Gastroparesis. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2008; 2: 123–35.
  39. Frasko R., Maruna P., Gurlich R. The onset of physiological activity in the stomach in the postoperative period. A comparative study with a prokinetic preparation. Rozhl. Chir. 2004; 83(10): 527–30.
  40. Tytgat G.N., Mccoll K., Tack J. et al. New algorithm for the treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol. Ther. 2008; 27: 249–56.
  41. Scarpellini E., Vos R., Blondeau K., et al. The effects of itopride on oesophageal motility and lower oesophageal sphincterfunction in man. Pharmacol. Ther. 2011; 33(1): 99–105.
  42. Walwaikar P.P., Kulkarni S.S., Bargaje R.S. Evaluation of new gastro_intestinal prokinetic (ENGIP-I) study. Indian Med. Assoc. 2005; 103(10): 559–60.
  43. Kim Y.S., Kim T. H., Choi C. S. et al. Effect of itopride, a new prokinetic, in patients with mild GERD: a pilot study. World J.Gastroenterol. 2005; 11(27): 4210–14
  44. Chun B.J., Lee D.S. The effect of itopride combined with lansoprazole in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Mar; 270(4): 1385–90.
  45. Babu S. Drug Therapy of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Focus on Itopride Hydrochloride. Indian Practitioner. 2003; 56(12): 827–30.
  46. Tsubouchi T., Saito T., Mizutani F., et al. Stimulatory action of itopride hydrochloride on colonic motor activity in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2003; 306(2): 787–93.
  47. Trukhan D.I., Tarasova L.V. Clinical, diagnosis and treatment of chronic duodenitis. Klin. Gastroenterol. 2012; (11): 104–14. Review (Russian).
  48. Lim H.C., Kim Y.G., Lim J.H., Kim H.S., Park H. Effect of itopride hydrochloride on the ileal and colonic motility in guinea pig in vitro. Yonsei Med. J. 2008 Jun 30; 49(3): 472–8.
  49. Kim H.J., Kim T.O., Shin B.C. et al. Efficacy of prokinetics with a split-dose of polyethylene glycol in bowel preparation for morning colonoscopy: a randomized controlled trial. 2012; 86(3): 194–200.
  50. Mishima Y., Amano Y., Okita K. et al. Efficacy of prokinetic agents in improving bowel preparation for colonoscopy. 2008; 77(3-4): 166–72.
  51. Amarapurkar D.N., Rank P. Randomized, double-blind, comparative study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ganaton (itopride hydrochloride) and mosapride citrate in the management of functional dyspepsia. Indian Med. Assoc. 2004; 102(10): 735–37, 760.
  52. Lim H.C., Lee S.I., Chen J.D., Park H. Electrogastrography associated with symptomatic changes after prokinetic drug treatment for functional dyspepsia. World J. Gastroenterol. 2012 Nov 7; 18(41): 5948–56.
  53. Tack J. Prokinetics and fundic relaxants in upper functional GI disorders. Opin. Pharmacol. 2008; 8(6): 690–6.
  54. Gupta S., Kapoor V., Kapoor B. et al. Effect of Itopride hydrohloride on QT interval in adult healthy volunteers. JK Practitioner. 2005; 12(4): 207–10.
  55. Mushiroda T., Douya R., Takahara E. et al. The involment of flavin containg monooxyge_nase bun not CYP3A4 in metabolism of itopride hydrochloride, a gastroprokinetic agent: comparaison with cisapride and mosapri_de citrate. Metabol. Dispos. 2000; 28: 1231–37.
  56. Sahoo B.K., Das A., Agarwal S. et al. Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence study of a fixed dose combination of rabeprazole and itopride in healthy Indian volunteers. 2009; 59(9): 451–4.
  57. Choi H.Y., Noh Y.H., Jin S.J. et al. Bioavailability and tolerability of combination treatment with revaprazan 200 mg + itopride 150 mg: a randomized crossover study in healthy male Korean volunteers. Ther. 2012 Sep; 34(9): 1999–2010.
  58. Review of domheridone started. Available at: URL: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/referrals/Domperidone-containing_medicines/human_referral_prac_000021.jsp&mid= WC0b01ac05805c516f.
  59. PRAC recommends restricting use of domperidone. 07 March 2014 EMA/129231/2014. Available at: URL: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/news_and_events/news/2014/03/news_detail_002039.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058004d5c1.

Сведения об авторах

Тарасова Лариса Владимировна
доктор медицинских наук, заведующая кафедрой госпитальной терапии, Чувашский государственный университет, Россия, Чебоксары (tlarisagast18@mail.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1496-0689)
Трухан Дмитрий Иванович
доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры поликлинической терапии и внутренних болезней, Омский государственный медицинский университет, Россия, Омск (dmitry_trukhan@mail.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1597-1876)

Ссылка на статью

Тарасова Л.В., Трухан Д.И. Выбор эффективного и безопасного прокинетика: в фокусе внимания итоприда гидрохлорид [Электронный ресурс] // Acta medica Eurasica. – 2015. – №4. – С. 29-40. – URL: https://acta-medica-eurasica.ru/single/2015/4/5/.

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