Comparative analysis of the results of radiation diagnostics and immunohistochemical examination of patients with gastric cancer

DOI: 10.47026/2413-4864-2025-4-15-27

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Diomidova V.N., Efimova O.A.

Comparative analysis of the results of radiation diagnostics and immunohistochemical examination of patients with gastric cancer

Keywords: gastric cancer, immunohistochemistry, radiation diagnostics

Malignant neoplasms of the stomach are characterized by significant heterogeneity of histological structure and molecular profile. Determining the status of Her-2 and PD-L1 biomarkers using immunohistochemistry methods is critical for selecting the treatment tactics, but requires invasive biopsy sampling and is time-consuming. On the back of this, determining the correlations between radiological diagnostic data (computed tomography, ultrasound examination) and the results of immunohistochemical analysis is of scientific and practical interest. Identifying such correlations may contribute to optimising the diagnostic algorithm and forming more reasonable prognostic assumptions at the therapy planning stage. The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the results of radiation diagnostics and immunohistochemical examination in gastric cancer in order to improve its timely diagnosis. Materials and methods. A prospective and retrospective analysis of the data from 407 patients with gastric malignancies examined at the BI "Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary" under the Health Ministry of Chuvashia and the BI "Municipal Clinical Hospital № 1" under the Health Ministry of Chuvashia in 2022-2024 was carried out. All patients underwent computed tomography and ultrasound examination, 104 patients underwent immunohistochemical examination of biopsy and/or postoperative material. Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007, and differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results. The analysis of the immunohistochemical study results showed that Her-2 protein overexpression was detected in 11.9% of patients (n = 11), and Her-2 negative status was identified in 88.1% (n = 81). PD-L1 expression was detected in 28.3% of patients (n = 26), and negative PD-L1 status was found in 71.7% (n = 66). All cases with positive Her-2 and PD-L1 tests are represented by adenocarcinomas. A comparative analysis of radiation diagnostic data showed the predominance of antral tumor localization (31.5%), endophytic growth type (91.3%) and subtotal gastric lesion (20.7%). A statistically significant predominance of the late stages of the tumor process (pT3-T4 according to the TNM classification and clinical stage IV) was found among patients with positive Her-2 and PD-L1 tests (p < 0.05). Metastatic lesion was found in 55.4% of patients, with predominant localization in the peritoneum (58.8%) and liver (52.9%). There were no statistically significant differences in metastases localization depending on Her-2 and PD-L1 status (p > 0.05). Conclusions. Association of the positive status of Her-2 and PD-L1 with advanced stages (pT3-T4) and a high degree of malignancy of gastric cancer was determined. The predominant characteristics according to radiation diagnostics are localization of the primary tumor in the antrum of the stomach, endophytic type of growth and metastatic lesion of the peritoneum and liver. An integrative use of radiological diagnostic methods and immunohistochemical testing provides additional information about tumour biology, which helps to optimise the diagnostic algorithm.

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About authors

Diomidova Valentina N.: Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases with a Course of Radiation Diagnostics, Chuvash State University; Head of the Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, City Clinical Hospital № 1, Russia, Cheboksary (diomidovavn@rambler.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-7971)

Efimova Oksana A.: Radiologist, Republican Oncology Dispensary; Senior Lecturer, Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases with a Course of Radiation Diagnostics, Chuvash State University, Russia, Cheboksary (oksanalekseevna.e@gmail.com; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0624-4992)

Article link

Diomidova V.N., Efimova O.A. Comparative analysis of the results of radiation diagnostics and immunohistochemical examination of patients with gastric cancer [Electronic resource] // Acta medica Eurasica. – 2025. – №4. P. 15-27. – URL: https://acta-medica-eurasica.ru/en/single/2025/4/2/. DOI: 10.47026/2413-4864-2025-4-15-27.

Single article

Diomidova V.N., Efimova O.A.