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Pavlov A.V., Tyumina N.A., Ermakova O.V.
Functional Morphology of the Bronchial Epithelium of Rats after Exposure to Chronic Low-Intensity γ Radiation
Keywords: atrial fibrillation, bronchi, mucociliary transport, chronic low-intensity gamma radiation
Revealing the reactions of cells and tissues to chronic low-intensity radiation exposure plays an important role in assessing the possible biological effects of man-made radiation effects on the body. The purpose of the study was to quantitatively study the microscopic structure and motor activity of the bronchial epithelium in rats under experimental exposure to chronic low-intensity ү-radiation. Materials and methods. Using the digital technology for intravital registration of motor activity indicators of the ciliary apparatus in combination with the methods of light and transmission electron microscopy, the main, lobular and segmental bronchi of 18 male Wistar rats subjected to experimental chronic gamma irradiation for 21 days (total absorbed doses – 5 cGy and 50 cGy) and 9 control animals were studied. In conditions of natural radiation background. The frequency was measured in the layer of the main types of epithelial cells and cells with Ki-67 expression, and the size characteristics of ciliated cells were determined as well. Research results. Chronic ү-irradiation in small doses causes a decrease in the frequency of cilia beating by 17–26% due to elongation of the recovery shock phase, an increase by 23–29% in the content of differentiated cell forms in the epithelium and a decrease in the frequency of basal (cambial) cells by 2–2.5 times. Electron microscopy revealed the emergence of cells with impaired ultrastructure, areas of intercellular edema, extrusion from the epithelial cell layer or their fragments. Irradiation at a dose of 50 cGy causes a decrease in the frequency of Ki-67 expressing epithelial cells by 3–3.8 times in all types of bronchi. In the subpopulation of basal cells, a pronounced dose-dependent inhibition of their proliferation in the main and lobar bronchi and complete blockade of cellular reproduction in segmental bronchi were found. Conclusions. Chronic low-intensity ү-radiation is a potential risk factor that can cause disturbance in the structure and function of the epithelial lining in the airways. Intravital assessing the frequency of cilia beating in combination with determining the content of Ki-67-positive epithelial cells can serve as an informative method for bioindicating the effects of low-dosed ionizing radiation on the body.
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About authors
- Pavlov Alexey V.
- Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Yaroslavl State Medical University, Russia, Yaroslavl (pavlov@ysmu.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8227-9997)
- Tyumina Natalia A.
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Yaroslavl State Medical University, Russia, Yaroslavl (Natellamail@mail.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7001-0851)
- Ermakova Olga V.
- Doctor of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher, Department of Radioecology, Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Syktyvkar (ermakova@ib.komisc.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0186-0569)
Article link
Pavlov A.V., Tyumina N.A., Ermakova O.V. Functional Morphology of the Bronchial Epithelium of Rats after Exposure to Chronic Low-Intensity γ Radiation [Electronic resource] // Acta medica Eurasica. – 2024. – №4. P. 46-55. – URL: https://acta-medica-eurasica.ru/en/single/2024/4/5/. DOI: 10.47026/2413-4864-2024-4-46-55.