The Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy for the Treatment of Mental Disorders at the Present Stage of Psychiatry Development

UDC: 616.89-008:615.869
BBC: Р64-582.1

Negoda A., Ryabinina A., Orlov F.

The Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy for the Treatment of Mental Disorders at the Present Stage of Psychiatry Development

Keywords: mental disorders, electroconvulsive therapy, the use of electroconvulsive therapy for treating persons of different ages

The use of electroconvulsive therapy for treating patients with mental disorders remains an unresolved problem, disagreements and divergence of views remain in the medical community, there are no unambiguous results of the studies. We analyzed the trend of treatment with its help in modern society in different categories of persons. Electroconvulsive therapy is commonly used in situations of acute risk, in patients with severe conditions who were found to be irresponsive to psychotropic drugs and if symptoms need to be quickly addressed. In patients with depression, the suicide mortality rate was decreased due to electroconvulsive therapy. Individual case studies reported about successful treatment of catatonia with its help, especially in cases of malignant form of the disease. A third of patients with schizophrenia does not respond well to standard treatment with antipsychotic medications and are cured against the background of this method. The use of electroconvulsive therapy in children and adolescents is controversial among the population and physicians, although medical recommendations for its use in adolescents and children are largely similar to those for adults. This method in the geriatric population was demonstrated to be relatively safe and well tolerated – especially when the first and second lines of therapy for such patients are ineffective or give only a partial response. Side effects include memory impairment, dizziness, and general anesthesia risks. Studies of cognitive impairments vary, too. Many experts claim that they are temporary, reversible and insignificant. Currently, there are no absolute medical contraindications for administering electroconvulsive therapy.

References

Golenkov A.V. Obzor publikatsii ob ispol’zovanii elektrosudorozhnoi terapii v Chuvashii [Review of publications on the use of electroconvulsive therapy in Chuvashia]. Aktual’nye voprosy psikhiatrii i narkologii: materialy respubl. nauch.-prakt. konf., posvyashchennoi 55-letiyu Respublikanskoi psikhiatricheskoi bol’nitsy. [Proc. of Sci. Conf. «Actual issues of psychiatry and narcology»]. Cheboksary, Chuvash University Publ., 2017, pp. 53–55.
Aleksandrovskii Yu.A., Neznanov N.G., eds.; Egorov A.Yu., Mosolov S.N., Cukarzi E.E. Elektrosudorozhnaya terapiya. Nacional’noe rukovodstvo po psihiatrii. 2-e izd. per. i dop. [Electroconvulsive therapy. National Guide to Psychiatry. 2^nd]. Moscow, GEOTAR-Media Publ., 2018, pp. 953–963.
Ivanov V.N., Diverinskii A.M., Filimonova A.G. Primeneniya elektrosudorozhnoi terapii v nastoyashchee vremya [Current electroconvulsive therapy applications]. Aktual’nye voprosy psikhiatrii i narkologii: materialy respubl. nauch.-prakt. konf., posvyashchennoi 55-letiyu Respublikanskoi psikhiatricheskoi bol’nitsy. [Proc. of Sci. Conf. «Actual issues of psychiatry and narcology»]. Cheboksary, Chuvash University Publ., 2017, pp. 81–85.
Nel’son A.I. Elektrosudorozhnaya terapiya v psihiatrii, narkologii i nevrologii [Electroconvulsive therapy in psychiatry, narcology and neurology]. Moscow, Binom Publ., 2005, 368 p.
Ali S.A., Mathur N., Malhotra A.K., Braga R.J. Electroconvulsive Therapy and Schizophrenia: A Systematic Reviewю Neuropsychiatry, 2019, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 75–83. DOI: 10.1159/000497376.
Allan B., Greenaway M., Weiss M. Treatment of Catatonia with Electroconvulsive. Therapy in Adolescents. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol., 2012, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 96–100. DOI: 10.1089/cap.2010.0052.
Amritwar A., Karia S., De Sousa A., Sonavane S. Electroconvulsive therapy in a patient with glaucoma. Med. J. India, 2016, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 85–86.
Bloch Y., Levcovitch Y., Bloch A.M., Mendlovic S., Ratzoni G. Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents: similarities to and differences from adults. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2001, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 1332–1336. DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200111000-00014.
Giacobbe P., Rakita U., Penner-Goeke K., Feffer K., Flint A.J., Kennedy S.H., Downar J. Improvements in Health-Related Quality of Life With Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Meta-analysis. JECT, 2018, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 87–94. DOI: 10.1097/YCT.0000000000000486.
Golenkov A., Ungvari G.S., Gazdag G. ECT practice and psychiatrists’ attitudes towards ECT in the Chuvash Republic of the Russian European Psychiatry, 2010, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 126–128. DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.02.011.
Golenkov A., Ungvari G.S., Gazdag G. Public attitudes towards electroconvulsive therapy in the Chuvash Republic. J. Social Psychiatry, 2012, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 289–294. DOI: 10.1177/0020764010394282.
Dhossche D.M., Withane N. Electroconvulsive Therapy for Catatonia in Children and Adolescents. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am., 2019, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 111–120. DOI: 10.1016/ j.chc.2018.07.007.
Grover S., Malhotra S., Varma S., Chakrabarti S., Avasthi A., Mattoo S.K. Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents: a retrospective study from north India. JECT, 2013, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 122–126. DOI: 10.1097/YCT.0b013e31827e0d22.
Kerner N., Prudic J. Current electroconvulsive therapy practice and research in the geriatric population. Neuropsychiatry (London), 2014, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 33–54. DOI: 10.2217/npy.14.3.
Lima N.N., Nascimento V.B., Peixoto J.A., Moreira M.M., Neto M.L., Almeida J.C., Vasconcelos C.A., Teixeira S.A., Júnior J.G., Junior F.T., Guimarães D.D., Brasil A.Q., Cartaxo J.S., Akerman M., Reis A.O. Electroconvulsive therapy use in adolescents: a systematic review. Gen. Psychiatry, 2013, vol. 12, no. 1(17). DOI: 10.1186/1744-859X-12-17.
Loiseau A., Harrisson M.C., Beaudry V., Patry S. Electroconvulsive Therapy Use in Youth in the Province of Quebec. Can. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2017, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 4–11.
Nelson A.I. A national survey of electroconvulsive therapy use in the Russian Federation. JECT, 2005, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 151–157.
Onder A., Surer-Adanir A., Dogan Y., Bilac O., Kavurma C. Electroconvulsive therapy in the adolescent group case report. Dusunen Adam. Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 2018, vol. 31, pp. 201–204. DOI: doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2018310208.
Read J., Bentall R. The effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy: a literature review. Psichiatr. Soc., 2010. Oct-Dec. vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 333–347.
Sachs M., Madaan V. Electroconvulsive Therapy in Children and Adolescents: Brief Overview and Ethical Issues. American academy of child and adolescent psychiatry, 2012, N1. 9
Snyder A.D., Venkatachalam V., Pandurangi A.K. Electroconvulsive therapy in geriatric patients: A literature review and program report from Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA. Geriatr. Ment. Health, 2017, vol. 4, pp. 115–122.
Wachtel L.E., Dhossche D.M., Kellner C.H. When is electroconvulsive therapy appropriate for children and adolescents? Medical Hypotheses, 2011, vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 395–399. DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2010.11.001.

About authors

Негода Алёна Сергеевна: студентка VI курса медицинского факультета, Chuvash State University, Russia, Cheboksary (alenanegoda17@mail.ru; )

Рябинина Анна Сергеевна: студентка VI курса медицинского факультета, Chuvash State University, Russia, Cheboksary (anya2196@mail.ru; )

Орлов Федор Витальевич: кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры психиатрии, медицинской психологии и неврологии, Chuvash State University, Russia, Cheboksary (orlovf@yandex.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8772-4428)

Article link

Negoda A., Ryabinina A., Orlov F. The Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy for the Treatment of Mental Disorders at the Present Stage of Psychiatry Development [Electronic resource] // Acta medica Eurasica. – 2019. – №4. P. . – URL: https://acta-medica-eurasica.ru/en/single/2019/4/3/.

Single article

Negoda A., Ryabinina A., Orlov F.