Acta Medica Eurasica2413-48642413-486410.47026/2413-4864-2026-1-67-75OtherСвязь физиологического старения организма с соматическими заболеваниями и патологией зубочелюстной системыThe relationship of physiological aging of the body with somatic diseases and pathology of the dento-facial systemСкворцоваЕлена НиколаевнаSkvortsovaElena N.len.skvortzova2014@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0984-2488ЕфремоваАнастасия ВладимировнаEfremovaAnastasia V.nastasya.efremova.87@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5678-1104ЗюлькинаЛариса АлексеевнаZyulkinaLarisa A.larisastom@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2938-3063ФроловаКристина ЕвгеньевнаFrolovaKristina E.kristina.frolova.1983@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5097-0601ЖадановаНаталья ВладимировнаZhadanovaNatalia V.nata.zhadanova004@mail.ruКараянАршавир ВалериковичKarayanArshavir V.stomatologfs@yandex.ruPenza State UniversityПензенский государственный университет3003202616775https://acta-medica-eurasica.ru/single/2026/1/7/

Представлен анализ современной литературы, посвященной особенностям течения кариозного процесса и пародонтита у лиц старше 60 лет. Рассмотрена взаимосвязь между деструктивными изменениями твердых тканей зуба, поражениями пародонта и возрастными изменениями органов и систем организма. Цель обзора – анализ взаимосвязи физиологического старения организма с соматическими заболеваниями и патологией зубочелюстной системы на основе данных современной литературы. Длительный воспалительный процесс в пародонте приводит к рецессии тканей десны, оголению анатомической шейки зубов и развитию кариозного процесса. Длительное игнорирование симптомов пародонтита приводит к патологической подвижности и необходимости удаления зубов. Таким образом, возникает проблема развития вторичной адентии у пациентов пожилого возраста. Нарушение окклюзии вследствие отсутствия зубов приводит к нарушению функции жевания, изменению пищевого рациона с преобладанием мягкой пищи, богатой углеводами и насыщенными жирами, что способствует развитию заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы. Систематический поиск литературы выполнен с использованием баз данных eLIBRARY, PubMed. По запросу «The connection between physiological aging of the body and somatic diseases and pathology of the dental system» было получено 1 567 публикаций. Был отобран 51 источник отечественной и зарубежной литературы, изучены обзорные и оригинальные статьи. Выявлено, что наиболее распространенными патологиями в зубочелюстной системе у пациентов пожилого возраста являются дистрофические и воспалительные процессы в тканях пародонта, сочетающиеся с кариесом, которые впоследствии могут приводить к развитию вторичной адентии. В связи с этим необходимо тщательное изучение этиологии и патогенеза кариеса и его корреляции с общим соматическим статусом пациентов пожилого возраста.

The analysis of modern literature on peculiarities of caries and parodontitis development process in people over 60 years of age is presented. The relationship between destructive changes in the hard dental tissues, parodontal lesions and age-related changes in organs and body systems is considered. The purpose of the review is to analyze the relationship of physiological aging of the body with somatic diseases and pathology of the dento-facial system based on the data of modern literature. A prolonged inflammatory process in parodontium leads to gum tissue recession, exposure of the anatomical neck of the teeth and caries development. Prolonged ignoring the symptoms of parodontitis leads to abnormal tooth loosening and the need for tooth extraction. Thus, this raises the issue of secondary edentulism in elderly patients. Occlusion disturbance caused by missing teeth leads to impaired chewing function and a change in diet towards a diet dominated by soft foods rich in carbohydrates and saturated fats, which contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases. A systematic literature search was performed using the eLibrary and PubMed databases. The request for "The connection between physiological aging of the body and somatic diseases and pathology of the dental system" received 1,567 publications. 51 sources of Russian and foreign literature were selected, review and original articles were studied. It was found that the most common pathologies in the dental system in elderly patients are dystrophic and inflammatory processes in parodontal tissues, combined with caries, which can subsequently lead to the development of secondary adentia. Hence, a thorough investigation of the aetiology and pathogenesis of dental caries and its correlation with the general somatic health of elderly patients is required.

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