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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Medica Eurasica</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2413-4864</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4864</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47026/2413-4864-2026-1-1-13</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Контраст-усиленное ультразвуковое исследование инвазивного рака молочной железы: возможности определения молекулярного подтипа и прогнозирования аксиллярного метастазирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination of invasive breast cancer: opportunities for determining the molecular subtype and predicting axillary metastasis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бикеев</surname><given-names>Юрий Васильевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bikeev</surname><given-names>Yuriy V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>yu_bikeev@oparina4.ru</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3757-5025</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сенча</surname><given-names>Александр Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sencha</surname><given-names>Alexander N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><email>a_sencha@oparina4.ru</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1597-1920</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колядина</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolyadina</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/><email>i_kolyadina@oparina4.ru</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-6802</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цаллагова</surname><given-names>Земфира Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsallagova</surname><given-names>Zemfira S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/><email>zscallagova@rncrr.ru</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3199-0804</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котляров</surname><given-names>Петр Михайлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotlyarov</surname><given-names>Petr M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/><email>marnad@list.ru</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-9175</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куренева</surname><given-names>Наталья Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kureneva</surname><given-names>Natalya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>n_kureneva@oparina4.ru</email></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov; N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова; Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov; Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова; Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Scientific Center for Roentgenoradiology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff8"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный центр рентгенорадиологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff9"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-30"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><self-uri xlink:href="https://acta-medica-eurasica.ru/single/2026/1/1/" xlink:title="https://acta-medica-eurasica.ru/single/2026/1/1/">https://acta-medica-eurasica.ru/single/2026/1/1/</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-e8ab88d3-9a4c-4e7d-972c-3fab15c81d65.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Контраст-усиленное ультразвуковое исследование расширяет возможности мультипараметрического ультразвукового исследования за счет функциональной оценки микроциркуляции и ангиоархитектоники опухоли. Молекулярно-биологические подтипы рака молочной железы различаются по биологии и клиническому течению, что потенциально отражается в динамике перфузии при проведении контраст-усиленного ультразвукового исследования. Поиск ультразвуковых маркеров, позволяющих прогнозировать фенотип опухоли и риск метастазирования в аксиллярные лимфатические узлы до проведения биопсии опухоли, имеет практическую значимость для персонализации, маршрутизации и лечения. Вместе с тем данных о воспроизводимых признаках контрастирования при различных фенотипах и степенях злокачественности по-прежнему недостаточно. Цель исследования – оценить диагностическую информативность качественных и количественных параметров ультразвукового контрастирования в дифференциальной диагностике молекулярных подтипов рака молочной железы и степени опухолевой дифференцировки, а также в прогнозировании метастатического поражения аксиллярных лимфатических узлов. Материалы и методы. В проспективное одноцентровое исследование было включено 76 пациенток с инвазивным первично-операбельным раком молочной железы (стадия I–IIIa) в период с мая по сентябрь 2024 г. Ультразвуковое исследование выполняли в B-режиме и режиме цветового допплеровского картирования с последующим проведением контраст-усиленного ультразвукового исследования (болюсное внутривенное введение гексафторида серы (SonoVue, 2,4 мл)). Осуществлен анализ качественных признаков (гомогенность, интенсивность усиления, wash-in/wash-out, контуры, дефекты перфузии и др.) и количественных параметров (TTP, PI, AS, DS). Референсными считали послеоперационные гистологические и иммуногистохимические данные; применены ² Фишера, U-критерий Манна–Уитни, логистическая регрессия и ROC-анализ. Результаты. В общей когорте преобладали люминальные подтипы (90,6%); метастазы в аксиллярных лимфатических узлах выявлены в 25% случаев. Наиболее частыми паттернами контрастирования были неоднородное усиление (79%), гиперинтенсивное накопление (85,7%), быстрый wash-in (78,6%) и ускоренный wash-out (73,8%). По количественным параметрам опухоли с нелюминальным фенотипом характеризовались меньшим временем до пика (TTP: 6,5 с, при люминальных подтипах – 9,9 с; p &lt; 0,05); опухоли нелюминального HER2+ подтипа демонстрировали наиболее динамичные кривые перфузии и более выраженный wash-out (DS статистически ниже по сравнению с люминальными; p &lt; 0,05). Достоверной связи параметров контрастного ультразвукового исследования со степенью злокачественности (G1–2 vs G3) не получено при наличии тенденций к большей гетерогенности у менее дифференцированных опухолей. Для прогноза аксиллярного метастазирования выявлены ассоциация отсутствия быстрого wash-in с наличием метастазов в аксиллярных лимфатических узлах (ОШ 4,7; 95% ДИ 1,5–14,8; p = 0,006), а также увеличение TTP у пациенток с метастазами (11,85 с / 9,89 с; p &lt; 0,05); диагностическая эффективность TTP была умеренной (AUC ~0,66; чувствительность 68%, специфичность 59%). Выводы. Методика ультразвукового исследования с применением эхоконтрастного препарата позволяет выявлять различия перфузионных характеристик рака молочной железы в зависимости от молекулярного подтипа: нелюминальные HER2+ опухоли имеют более агрессивный профиль wash-in/wash-out, а тройной негативный рак чаще демонстрирует периферический тип контрастирования с замедленной централизацией. Люминальные подтипы занимают промежуточное положение и хуже дифференцируются по изолированным параметрам ультразвукового контрастирования, что обосновывает необходимость комплексного подхода. Параметры wash-in и TTP могут служить дополнительными маркерами прогнозирования поражения аксиллярных лимфатических узлов, однако их прогностическая точность ограничена и требует подтверждения на более сбалансированных по подтипам выборках.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>Contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination expands the opportunities of multiparametric ultrasound examination due to functional assessment of tumour microcirculation and angioarchitecture. The molecular biological subtypes of breast cancer differ in biology and clinical progression, which is potentially reflected in the dynamics of perfusion during contrast-enhanced ultrasound. The search for ultrasound markers that can predict the phenotype of the tumor and the risk of metastasis to the axillary lymph nodes prior to a tumor biopsy is of practical importance for personalization, routing and treatment. However, there is still insufficient data on reproducible signs of contrasting in different phenotypes and degrees of malignancy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic informative value of qualitative and quantitative ultrasound contrast parameters in the differential diagnosis of molecular subtypes of breast cancer and the degree of tumor differentiation, as well as in predicting metastatic lesions of the axillary lymph nodes. Materials and methods. The prospective single-center study included 76 patients with invasive primary operable breast cancer (stage I–IIIa) between May and September 2024. Ultrasound examination was performed in B-mode and color Doppler mapping mode, followed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination (intravenous bolus injection of sulfur hexafluoride (SonoVue, 2.4 ml)). Qualitative signs (homogeneity, gain intensity, wash-in/wash-out, contours, perfusion defects, etc.) and quantitative parameters (TTP, PI, AS, DS) were analyzed. Postoperative histological and immunohistochemical data were considered as reference ones; Fischer test, Mann-Whitney U–test, logistic regression and ROC analysis were applied. Results. Luminal subtypes prevailed in the general cohort (90.6%); metastases to axillary lymph nodes were detected in 25% of cases. The most common contrast patterns were heterogeneous gain (79%), hyperintensive accumulation (85.7%), rapid wash-in (78.6%) and accelerated wash-out (73.8%). In terms of quantitative parameters, tumors with a non–luminal phenotype were characterized by a shorter time to peak (TTP: 6.5 s, in luminal subtypes – 9.9 s; p &lt; 0.05); tumors of the non-luminal HER2+ subtype demonstrated the most "dynamic" perfusion curves and a more pronounced wash-out (DS is statistically lower compared to luminal ones; p &lt; 0.05). There was no significant relationship between the parameters of contrast ultrasound examination and the degree of malignancy (G1–2 vs G3) in the presence of trends towards greater heterogeneity in less differentiated tumors. For the prognosis of axillary metastasis, an association of "absence of rapid wash-in" with the presence of metastases in axillary lymph nodes (OR 4.7; 95% CI 1.5–14.8; p = 0.006), as well as an increase in TTP in patients with metastases (11.85 s / 9.89 s; p &lt; 0.05) was revealed; the diagnostic effectiveness of TTP was moderate (AUC ≈0.66; sensitivity 68%, specificity 59%). Conclusions. The technique of ultrasound examination using an echocontrast preparation makes it possible to identify differences in perfusion characteristics of breast cancer depending on its molecular subtype: non-luminal HER2+ tumors have a more aggressive wash-in/wash-out profile, and triple negative cancer more often demonstrates a peripheral type of contrasting with delayed centralization. Luminal subtypes occupy an intermediate position and are worse differentiated by the isolated parameters of ultrasound contrast, which justifies the need for an integrated approach. The wash-in and TTP parameters can serve as additional markers for predicting axillary lymph node damage, but their predictive accuracy is limited and requires confirmation in more subtype-balanced samples.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>контраст-усиленное ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>дефекты перфузии</kwd><kwd>молекулярный подтип опухоли</kwd><kwd>аксиллярные лимфатические узлы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination</kwd><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>perfusion defects</kwd><kwd>molecular subtype of the tumor</kwd><kwd>axillary lymph nodes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Chandola S., Dhamija E., Paul S.B. et al. Imaging features of breast cancer subtypes on contrast enhanced ultrasound: a feasibility study. E cancer medical science, 2023, vol. 17, Art. 1619. 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